Pekka Korhonen and Werner Koidl – The Rise and Fall of the Ŭnhasu Orchestra – Pages 63-96

Abstract
The Ŭnhasu Orchestra was a major North Korean ensemble in 2009–2013. It was established by Kim Jong Il (Kim Chŏng’il, 김정일) and was composed of young musicians and singers of both genders, several of them having studied in foreign higher educational institutions in countries like Austria, Italy, Russia and China. Its members represented the core class of the North Korean society. It was o...